Table 4.

Cross-Classification Data From Two Simulated Raters, Indicating (Top) the Number of Ratings o_i,_j in Each i, j Cell, (Middle) Its Corresponding Theoretical Value $e_{i,j}$, and (Bottom) the Standardized Differences $z_{i,j}$ (N = 200).

Observed frequencies oi,j
		Rater 2
		1	2	3	4	5	Row sums oi,*
Rater 1	1	7	5	2	1	3	18
	2	5	13	10	7	8	43
	3	11	4	15	6	9	45
	4	8	11	7	9	6	41
	5	11	5	15	6	16	53
Column sums	o*j	42	38	49	29	42	N = 200
Expected frequencies ei,j
		Rater 2					Row sums
		1	2	3	4	5	ei,*
Rater 1	1	3.78	3.42	4.41	2.61	3.78	18
	2	9.03	8.17	10.53	6.24	9.03	43
	3	9.45	8.55	11.02	6.53	9.45	45
	4	8.61	7.79	10.05	5.95	8.61	41
	5	11.13	10.07	12.98	7.68	11.13	53
Column sums e*,j		42	38	49	29	42	N = 200
Standardized differences zi,j
		Rater 2
		1	2	3	4	5
Rater 1	1	+1.656	+0.854	−1.148	−0.997	−0.401
	2	−1.341	+1.690	−0.165	+0.306	−0.343
	3	+0.504	−1.556	+1.197	−0.206	−0.146
	4	−0.208	+1.150	−0.961	+1.253	−0.889
	5	−0.039	−1.598	+0.559	−0.608	+1.460