Figure 1.

Monte Carlo estimated Type I error rate and power of the chi-square test of the exact-fit hypothesis for evaluating metric invariance.

Note. LFM = linear factor model; CFM = categorical factor model. λ = factor loading for all 10 invariant items under the full metric invariance condition or for the 2 noninvariant items in the focal group under the metric noninvariance condition (where the loadings for the other items were .7). n₁/n₂ = sample size of Group 1/Group 2.