1. |
Nasion |
N |
Most anterior point of the frontonasal suture in the
mid-sagittal plane |
2. |
A-point hard |
A-point |
The point at the deepest midline concavity on the maxilla
between the anterior nasal spine and the dental alveolus |
3. |
Anterior nasal spine |
ANS |
Most anterior midpoint of the ANS of maxilla |
4. |
Posterior nasal spine |
PNS |
The sharp posterior extremity of the nasal crest of the
hard palate |
5. |
B-point hard |
B-point |
Most posterior point in the concavity along the anterior
border of the mandibular symphysis |
6. |
Pogonion hard |
Pog/Pg |
Most anterior point on mandibular symphysis |
7. |
Menton hard |
Me |
Most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis |
8. |
Gnathion hard |
Gn |
Midpoint of the curvature of the pogonion and menton |
9. |
Gonion left |
GoL
|
Most inferior and posterior point on left mandibular
corpus |
10. |
Gonion right |
GoR
|
Most inferior and posterior point on right mandibular
corpus |
11. |
Condylion left |
CoL
|
Most superior point on the left mandibular condyle |
12. |
Condylion right |
CoR
|
Most superior point on the right mandibular condyle |
13. |
R1 left |
R1L
|
The deepest point on the curve of the anterior border of
the left ramus |
14. |
R1 right |
R1R
|
The deepest point on the curve of the anterior border of
the right ramus |
15. |
Zygomatic point left |
ZyL
|
The most lateral point on the left outline of left
zygomatic arch |
16. |
Zygomatic point right |
ZyR
|
The most lateral point on the right outline of right
zygomatic arch |
17 |
Sella |
S |
Midpoint of sella-turcica |
18 |
C2sp
|
C2sp
|
Superiorposterior extremity of the odontoid process of
C2 |
19 |
C3ai
|
C3ai
|
Most anteriorinferior point of the body of C3 |
20 |
C4ai
|
C4ai
|
Most anteriorinferior point of the body of C4 |