Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for association of mortality with childhood SES in older Japanese women (n = 8306)

		Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
		HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)
Childhood SES
	High or middle-high	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
	Middle	0.98 (0.69–1.38)	0.97 (0.68–1.38)	0.96 (0.67–1.38)	0.97 (0.68–1.39)	0.95 (0.66–1.36)
	Middle-low or low	1.04 (0.73–1.48)	0.98 (0.67–1.42)	0.98 (0.67–1.43)	0.94 (0.64–1.38)	0.91 (0.62–1.34)
Other characteristics
Height	Short		ref	ref	ref	ref
	Middle-short		0.76 (0.54–1.07)	0.79 (0.56–1.10)	0.77 (0.55–1.09)	0.78 (0.55–1.10)
	Middle		0.68 (0.48–0.99)*	0.70 (0.49–1.01)	0.67 (0.47–0.97)*	0.68 (0.47–0.99)*
	Middle-tall		0.78 (0.50–1.22)	0.81 (0.51–1.27)	0.76 (0.48–1.20)	0.76 (0.48–1.21)
	Tall		0.84 (0.40–1.77)	0.84 (0.40–1.78)	0.77 (0.36–1.64)	0.77 (0.36–1.64)
Education	High		ref	ref	ref	ref
	Middle		0.70 (0.42–1.11)	0.65 (0.40–1.06)	0.69 (0.42–1.13)	0.70 (0.42–1.15)
	Low		0.92 (0.58–1.44)	0.84 (0.53–1.34)	0.92 (0.57–1.47)	0.90 (0.56–1.44)
	Other		1.23 (0.28–5.12)	1.07 (0.25–4.64)	1.14 (0.26–4.92)	1.06 (0.24–4.60)

Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for childhood other environment (height and education); Model 3: Model 2 + adjusted for adult SES (current normalized household income, living situation and longest occupation) and municipalities of residence; Model 4: Model 3 + adjusted for health behaviours: smoking, frequency of meat or fish and vegetable or fruit intakes, walking time, BMI, disease status and depressive symptoms;

Model 5: Model 4 + adjusted for social relationship (marital status, number of social interactions with friends/acquaintances, providing and receiving emotional social support, and social participation).

*P < 0.05;

**P < 0.01.