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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017 Jul 14;81:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.07.007

Table 4.

Association of co-prescribed sedating medications and risk of lifetime and past-year non-fatal overdosea

Type of sedating medication Lifetime Overdose
OR (95%CI)
Global p-value Past-year Overdose
OR (95%CI)
Global p-value
Co-prescribed opioid and non-opioid sedating medications 2.54 (1.25, 5.16) 0.01 0.81 (0.27, 2.45) 0.14
Opioid only 1.57 (0.56, 4.37) --- 2.23 (0.93, 5.35) ---
Non-opioid sedating medication only 0.96 (0.45, 2.04) --- 4.42 (0.98, 19.99) ---
a

Results of one logistic regression model. Referent group is no sedating medication.