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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Fam Issues. 2017 Nov 7;39(7):2007–2036. doi: 10.1177/0192513X17739048

Table 2.

Correlations between Parent-Child Relationships and Family Belonging by Family Type

Family Type/Relationship Correlation with Family Belonging

Two biological parents
  Mother 0.59***
  Father 0.59***
Mother and stepfather
  Mother 0.59***
  Stepfather 0.53***
  Nonresident father 0.15***
Father and stepmother
  Father 0.57***
  Stepmother 0.47***
  Nonresident mother 0.05
Single mother
  Mother 0.59***
  Nonresident father 0.18***
Single father
  Father 0.61***
  Nonresident mother 0.17***

Note: Closeness to nonresident parents is measured with a dichotomous variable, 1=close. Those who do not know their nonresident parent or have a deceased nonresident parent are excluded

***

p<.001