Table 1. Descriptive statistics of patient demographics.
| Variable | N (% of Total Sample) |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| < 40 | 54,039 (40.7%) |
| 41–60 | 40,323 (30.37%) |
| 61–80 | 28,654 (21.58%) |
| > 81 | 7,998 (6.02%) |
| Missing | 1,751 (1.31%) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 64,259 (48.40%) |
| Female | 68,185 (51.35%) |
| Missing | 321 (0.24%) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 72,383 (54.51%) |
| Black | 9,070 (6.83%) |
| Asian | 3,953 (2.97%) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1,069 (0.80%) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 408 (0.30%) |
| Missing | 45,882 (34.55%) |
| mFI a | |
| 0 | 81,250 (61.20%) |
| 1 | 25,555 (19.25%) |
| 2 | 13,614 (10.25%) |
| 3 | 6,959 (5.24%) |
| 4+ | 5,387 (4.06%) |
| ASA class b | |
| 1 | 30,271 (22.80%) |
| 2 | 56,904 (42.86%) |
| 3 | 29,627 (22.31%) |
| 4 | 14,017 (10.55%) |
| 5 | 1,764 (1.32%) |
| Missing | 182 (0.06%) |
| Smoking status | |
| Yes | 28,640 (21.57%) |
| Acute renal failure | |
| Yes | 2,290 (1.72%) |
| Dyspnea | |
| At rest | 4,037 (3.04%) |
| Moderate exertion | 5,443 (4.10%) |
| No | 12,3284 (92.86%) |
| Missing | 1 (0%) |
| Disseminated cancer | |
| Yes | 2,368 (1.78%) |
| Wound infection | |
| Yes | 3,688 (2.78%) |
| Prior operation within 30 days | |
| Yes | 5,959 (4.49%) |
| Missing | 7,394 (5.57%) |
a
Modified frailty index.
b
American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification.