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. 2018 May 23;8:8053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26442-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitative analysis of TGF-β pathway activation by aqueous humor of patients and controls. Box and whisker plot showing that the aqueous humor of naïve nAMD patients induces less TGF-β pathway activation in Lenti-X 293T cells. Cells were co-transfected with the plasmids pNL[NlucP/SBE], expressing NanoLuc luciferase under the control of three SMAD3 binding elements, and pGL4.54[luc2/TK], expressing the Firefly luciferase luc2 (used as transfection normalizer) under the control of the constitutive HSV-TK promoter. Transfected cells were treated with 10 μl of aqueous humor of the 20 nAMD patients, naïve or treated (once or twice, Treat.1 and Treat.2, respectively), or of the 20 control samples (Cntr.) described in Table 1. Data are presented as the ratio between NanoLuc and luc2 luciferase activity, expressed as Relative Light Units (RLU) (number of replicates for each sample = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences (**P < 0.01) between naïve or treated (once or twice, Treat.1 and Treat.2, respectively) patient groups and the control group (Cntr.).