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. 2018 May 17;9:986. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00986

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Copyright © 2018 An, Jeon, Jo, Lim, Han, Cho, Kim and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Acute influenza A virus (IAV) infection is aggravated in asthmatic mice administered neutralizing antibodies against interferon (IFN)-λ_2/3 and IFN-γ. Asthmatic mice with isotype-control (rat IgG) antibodies were infected with 213 pfu IAV WS/33 (H1N1) (N = 5) and treated with neutralizing antibodies against IFN-λ_2/3 (N = 5) or IFN-γ (N = 5). Hematoxylin/eosin (H&E)-stained micrographs were generated from lung sections obtained from IAV-infected asthmatic mice on day 7 (A). Viral titer (B) and secreted IFN level (C,D) were determined by plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological assessment was performed using periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-stained lung sections of asthmatic mice (N = 5) (E). Viral titer (F) and Th2 cytokine levels (G) were assessed using a plaque assay and a multiplex assay at 0 (N = 5), 1 (N = 5), 3 (N = 5), 5 (N = 5), and 7 (N = 5) dpi. Micrographs shown are representative of lung sections from five mice. Polymerase chain reaction, plaque assay, and multiplex assay results are presented as mean ± SD from five independent experiments (*p < 0.05 compared with the values of mice treated with IgG and neutralizing antibodies).

Acute influenza A virus (IAV) infection is aggravated in asthmatic mice administered neutralizing antibodies against interferon (IFN)-λ_2/3 and IFN-γ. Asthmatic mice with isotype-control (rat IgG) antibodies were infected with 213 pfu IAV WS/33 (H1N1) (N = 5) and treated with neutralizing antibodies against IFN-λ_2/3 (N = 5) or IFN-γ (N = 5). Hematoxylin/eosin (H&E)-stained micrographs were generated from lung sections obtained from IAV-infected asthmatic mice on day 7 (A). Viral titer (B) and secreted IFN level (C,D) were determined by plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological assessment was performed using periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-stained lung sections of asthmatic mice (N = 5) (E). Viral titer (F) and Th2 cytokine levels (G) were assessed using a plaque assay and a multiplex assay at 0 (N = 5), 1 (N = 5), 3 (N = 5), 5 (N = 5), and 7 (N = 5) dpi. Micrographs shown are representative of lung sections from five mice. Polymerase chain reaction, plaque assay, and multiplex assay results are presented as mean ± SD from five independent experiments (*p < 0.05 compared with the values of mice treated with IgG and neutralizing antibodies).