. 2018 May 17;9:181. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00181

Table 3.

Associated variables of treatment preferences for depression in primary care patients.

	Medication				Psychotherapy				Combined treatment^a				Alternative treatment^b
Sociodemographic and work-related variables	OR (95% CI)	p	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	p	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	p	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	p	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²
male	1.45 (1.06, 1.98)	0.019			0.80 (0.58, 1.10)	0.167			1.12 (0.82, 1.53)	0.476			0.63 (0.46, 0.87)	0.005
age	1.01 (1.01, 1.02)	0.033			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.726			1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.027			1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.229
marital status (R: married)			1.66	0.436			11.14	0.004			7.17	0.028			1.33	0.513
single	0.98 (0.70, 1.38)	0.907			1.82 (1.28, 2.58)	0.001			1.32 (0.94,1.86)	0.110			1.14 (0.81, 1.61)	0.447
divorced/widowed	0.77 (0.51, 1.16)	0.212			1.17 (0.76, 1.80)	0.486			0.70 (0.45, 1.09)	0.117			1.26 (0.82, 1.93)	0.286
education (R: low)			0.17	0.920			11.08	0.004			3.70	0.157			3.39	0.183
middle	1.09 (0.68, 1.72)	0.730			2.04 (1.29, 3.23)	0.002			1.52 (0.96, 2.40)	0.072			1.47 (0.93, 2.31)	0.099
high	1.11 (0.65, 1.91)	0.696			2.27 (1.32, 3.88)	0.003			1.58 (0.93, 2.68)	0.093			1.59 (0.93, 2.70)	0.091
Vocational qualification (R: none)			2.63	0.621			1.33	0.857			1.44	0.837			0.12	0.998
still undergoing training	0.93 (0.36, 2.38)	0.875			1.65 (0.62, 4.38)	0.318			1.06 (0.42, 2.70)	0.900			0.87 (0.34, 2.22)	0.774
completed apprenticeship	0.98 (0.51, 1.88)	0.941			1.29 (0.69, 2.40)	0.425			1.14 (0.61, 2.15)	0.681			0.92 (0.48, 1.74)	0.792
secondary vocational education	1.00 (0.48, 2.08)	0.996			1.18 (0.58, 2.41)	0.654			1.14 (0.55, 2.33)	0.729			0.94 (0.46, 1.95)	0.877
university degree	0.67 (0.31, 1.44)	0.302			1.17 (0.56,2.48)	0.673			0.85 (0.40, 1.80)	0.672			0.95 (0.44, 2.02)	0.885
Illness-related variables
Moderate depression (R: mild)	1.25 (0.92, 1.68)	0.150			1.24 (0.91, 1.69)	0.179			1.05 (0.78, 1.43)	0.734			1.08 (0.79, 1.46)	0.636
Treatment history	0.51 (0.38, 0.70)	<0.001			0.74 (0.54, 1.02)	0.064			0.62 (0.45, 0.84)	0.002			1.27 (0.93, 1.74)	0.132
GAD	1.11 (0.79, 1.55)	0.548			1.30 (0.91, 1.85)	0.145			1.22 (0.87, 1.71)	0.250			1.65 (1.17, 2.34)	0.005
PD	1.09 (0.78, 1.51)	0.628			1.32 (0.93, 1.87)	0.126			1.21 (0.87, 1.69)	0.265			1.27 (0.90, 1.79)	0.167
EPAS	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	<0.001			0.98 (0.95, 1.01)	0.177			0.95 (0.92, 0.98)	0.002			1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	0.493
EQ-5D-5L	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.081			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.832			0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.102			1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.140
N	633				629				611				620
Pseudo R²	0.03				0.03				0.03				0.02
	Talking to friends and family				Exercise				Self-help literature				Internet-based self-help programs
Sociodemographic and work-related variables	OR (95% CI)	P	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	P	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	p	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²	OR (95% CI)	P	Wald-Chi²	p> Chi²
male	0.88 (0.64, 1.21)	0.436			0.99 (0.72, 1.36)	0.955			0.66 (0.48, 0.90)	0.009			1.13 (0.83, 1.55)	0.444
age	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.670			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.834			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.863			0.99 (0.98, 0.99)	0.003
marital status (R: married)			2.61	0.272			1.32	0.516			3.63	0.163			0.13	0.937
single	1.33 (0.94, 1.88)	0.108			1.11 (0.79, 1.56)	0.553			1.35 (0.96, 1.90)	0.082			1.03 (0.73, 1.45)	0.882
divorced/widowed	1.08 (0.70, 1.66)	0.731			0.85 (0.55, 1.31)	0.460			1.32 (0.87, 2.01)	0.195			1.08 (0.70, 1.68)	0.720
education (R: low)			5.79	0.055			30.11	<0.001			9.68	0.008			16.48	<0.001
middle	1.69 (1.06, 2.71)	0.029			2.19 (1.37, 3.49)	0.001			2.06 (1.30, 3.25)	0.002			1.85 (1.16, 2.96)	0.010
high	1.84 (1.06, 3.19)	0.029			4.77 (2.73, 8.35)	<0.001			1.69 (0.98, 2.89)	0.058			3.10 (1.79, 5.34)	<0.001
Vocational qualification (R: none)			0.86	0.930			1.43	0.838			5.30	0.257			7.89	0.096
still undergoing training	1.19 (0.45, 3.19)	0.723			0.56 (0.21, 1.53)	0.260			1.70 (0.64, 4.49)	0.283			3.10 (1.21, 7.94)	0.018
completed apprenticeship	1.33 (0.69, 2.55)	0.391			0.73 (0.37, 1.44)	0.366			2.13 (1.07, 4.23)	0.031			1.50 (0.78, 2.89)	0.225
secondary vocational education	1.32 (0.63, 2.77)	0.464			0.70 (0.33, 1.50)	0.359			2.06 (0.96, 4.41)	0.063			1.41 (0.67, 2.94)	0.362
university degree	1.19 (0.55, 2.56)	0.663			0.75 (0.34, 1.66)	0.475			2.35 (1.05, 5.25)	0.037			1.07 (0.49, 2.32)	0.862
Illness-related variables
Moderate depression (R: mild)	1.21 (0.88, 1.64)	0.237			1.21 (0.89, 1.66)	0.219			1.03 (0.76, 1.39)	0.839			1.20 (0.89, 1.63)	0.232
Treatment history	0.93 (0.67, 1.27)	0.632			1.08 (0.79, 1.49)	0.619			1.04 (0.77, 1.42)	0.786			0.96 (0.71, 1.31)	0.818
GAD	1.11 (0.77, 1.61)	0.585			1.53 (1.07, 2.18)	0.019			1.20 (0.85, 1.68)	0.302			2.06 (1.47, 2.91)	<0.001
PD	1.10 (0.77, 1.56)	0.603			1.34 (0.95, 1.90)	0.095			1.00 (0.71, 1.39)	0.977			1.41 (1.00, 2.00)	0.053
EPAS	1.10 (1.06, 1.14)	<0.001			1.12 (1.08, 1.16)	<0.001			1.04 (1.00, 1.07)	0.025			1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	0.458
EQ-5D-5L	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.742			1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.253			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.945			1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.434
N	630				634				626				628
Pseudo R²	0.02				0.05				0.02				0.04

Combined treatment refers to medication and psychotherapy.

Alternative treatment (e.g., alternative practitioners); CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; R, reference category; Wald-Chi², Wald Chi² test for testing the joint significance of categorical indicators; the level of significance was p < 0.01.