Figure 1.

Relevance of previously diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes to mortality from vascular, renal, or infectious causes, by age and sex (A), duration of diabetes (B), and glycaemic control (C)

(A) Death rate ratios (RRs) by age and sex for deaths at ages 35–84 years, for patients with diagnosed diabetes versus those with no diabetes. Diamonds show values for men and women combined. The RRs for participants with undiagnosed diabetes (ie, no previous diagnosis but baseline HbA_1c ≥6·5%) compared with participants without diabetes were 4·0 (95% CI 3·3–4·9) at ages 35–59 years, 2·6 (2·3–3·0) at ages 60–74 years, and 1·4 (1·2–1·6) at ages 75–84 years, and were similar in men and women. (B) Death RRs by duration of diabetes, at ages 35–74 years. (C) Death RRs by glycaemic control, at ages 35–74 years. RRs in all panels are adjusted for age at risk, smoking status, district, educational level, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences. In (B) and (C), RR estimates are additionally adjusted for sex, and the estimates for those with previously diagnosed diabetes are also adjusted, respectively, for any HbA_1c or diabetes duration differences between the groups (to the average HbA_1c or duration seen for all those with previously diagnosed diabetes) in such a way that their information-weighted average equals the overall RR estimate for all those with previously diagnosed diabetes versus those with no diabetes. The numbers above the squares are the RRs and the numbers below the squares are the number of deaths in that group. In all panels, the size of each square is proportional to the amount of statistical information.