Table 1.
Divergence time estimates for the main xenarthran nodes inferred using the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR+G4 substitution model and an autocorrelated log-normal (LN) relaxed molecular clock model. Mean posterior estimates, associated standard errors and 95% credibility intervals are expressed in million years ago (mean date ± s.d. [95% CredI]). s.d., standard deviation; 95% CredI, 95% credibility interval; MRCA, most recent common ancestor.
| nodes | mitogenomes | nuclear exons |
|---|---|---|
| Xenarthraa | 67.3 ± 3.2 [59.9–71.4] | 69.3 ± 2.2 [63.5–71.8] |
| Pilosa MRCAa (anteaters + sloths) | 55.6 ± 4.4 [46.4–63.2] | 61.2 ± 2.5 [55.4–65.0] |
| Folivora MRCAa (sloths) | 24.8 ± 6.2 [15.8–37.6] | 27.7 ± 4.0 [19.6–35.9] |
| Mylodontidae + Megalonychidae (two-fingered sloths) | 21.9 ± 5.7 [13.3–33.9] | 22.5 ± 3.7 [15.5–30.6] |
| Megalonychidae MRCA (two-fingered sloths) | 4.7 ± 1.5 [2.5–8.3] | 3.8 ± 1.1 [2.2–6.5] |
| Bradypodidae MRCA (three-fingered sloths) | 14.3 ± 4.1 [8.4–23.1] | 12.1 ± 2.4 [7.8–17.5] |
| B. pygmaeus/others | 5.4 ± 1.8 [2.8–9.6] | 4.5 ± 1.1 [2.7–7.0] |
| B. tridactylus/B. variegatus | 4.2 ± 1.5 [2.2–7.7] | 3.9 ± 1.0 [2.3–6.2] |
| Vermilingua MRCAa (anteaters) | 34.2 ± 5.1 [23.9–44.2] | 43.7 ± 3.2 [36.6–49.7] |
| Myrmecophaga/Tamandua | 10.7 ± 3.0 [5.6–17.6] | 11.9 ± 2.1 [8.4–16.7] |
| T. mexicana/T. tetradactyla | 0.8 ± 0.3 [0.4–1.5] | 2.0 ± 0.5 [1.2–3.2] |
| Cingulata MRCA (armadillos) | 44.2 ± 3.5 [37.9–51.5] | 42.3 ± 2.4 [37.7–47.2] |
| Dasypodidae MRCA (long-nosed armadillos) | 11.5 ± 3.4 [7.2–20.4] | 8.7 ± 1.6 [6.3–12.4] |
| Chlamyphoridae MRCA | 36.6 ± 3.3 [31.2–44.1] | 33.4 ± 2.1 [29.7–38.2] |
| Euphractinae MRCA (hairy armadillos) | 10.3 ± 2.7 [6.4–16.6] | 6.1 ± 1.3 [4.0–9.2] |
| Chlamyphorinae/Tolypeutinae | 32.4 ± 3.1 [27.8–39.7] | 31.5 ± 2.0 [28.0–36.0] |
| Chlamyphorinae MRCA (fairy armadillos) | 19.7 ± 2.7 [15.5–26.3] | 14.8 ± 2.4 [10.4–19.9] |
| Tolypeutinae MRCAa | 25.8 ± 2.6 [22.5–32.5] | 23.7 ± 1.3 [21.7–27.1] |
| Tolypeutes/Cabassous | 22.5 ± 2.5 [19.1–28.8] | 21.1 ± 1.5 [18.6–24.6] |
| Tolypeutes MRCA | 13.7 ± 2.0 [10.7–18.4] | 11.9 ± 1.5 [9.2–15.2] |
| Cabassous chacoensis/C. unicinctus | 8.4 ± 1.5 [5.9–11.9] | 6.5 ± 1.4 [4.1–9.4] |
aUsed as a priori calibration constraints.