S1PR2 antagonist abrogates the exacerbating role of DCA in the DSS-induced colitis. (a) Loss of basal body weight, (b) colon length, (c) hematochezia score, and (d) MPO activity in colon tissue of control, DSS-treated, DSS-CL, DSS-treated plus DCA enema, and DSS-treatedplus DCA enema, and S1PR2 antagonist (JTE-013)-injection mice. (e) Immunoblot analysis of mature IL-1β (17kD) and mature cathepsin B in colon tissue. (f) HE staining and of distal colon sections of differently treated mice as described above. ∗
p < 0.05, ∗∗
p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗
p < 0.001 compared to the DSS-treated alone mice. #
p < 0.05, #
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p < 0.01, and #
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p < 0.001 compared to the DSS-treated plus DCA enema mice. Error bars indicate s.e.m. Representative data from 3 individual experiments are shown.