Fig. 1.
Representative example of evoked pressure changes from the bladder (PVES) and urethra (PURE) and evoked EMG responses from the external urethral sphincter (EMGEUS), pelvic floor (EMGPelvic), and external anal sphincter (EMGEAS) after TSCS applied sequentially over the T10/T11 through L6/L7 vertebral levels in an adult rhesus macaque. TSCS was applied as a monophasic rectangular pulse at 100 V at a frequency of 1 Hz and with a pulse width of 5 ms. Note that the evoked pressure changes and EMG responses vary with TSCS applied to the different vertebral levels and that the site for the maximum response also varies between different outcome measures. Arrows at bottom of the recordings indicate the stimulation artifact.