Table 1.
Baseline demographics and 2-yr follow-up of T1DM adolescents
| Variable | Baseline (n = 98) | Two-Year Follow-Up (n = 98) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 13.3 ± 2.1 (8.2–16.9) | 15.4 ± 2.0 (10.6–19.1) |
| Girls, % | 45 | 45 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21 ± 3 (15–29) | 23 ± 3 (16–32) |
| Height, cm | 157 ± 13 (123–181) | 165 ± 11 (135–187) |
| Weight, kg | 53 ± 14 (26.2–83.5) | 62 ± 13 (33.8–92.3) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.6 ± 1.3 (4.9–13.4) | 8.8 ± 1.4 (6.6–14.1) |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 6.8 ± 2.7 (1.2–13.9) | 8.9 ± 2.7 (3.7–16.2) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 0.87 ± 0.41 (0.31–3.20) | 1.04 ± 0.90 (0.37–8.22) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.25 ± 0.74 (2.46–6.67) | 4.20 ± 1.40 (2.53–14.44) |
| HDL, mmol/l | 1.53 ± 0.37 (0.10–2.41) | 1.45 ± 0.3 (0.78–2.47) |
| LDL, mmol/l | 2.26 ± 0.57 (1.03–3.54) | 2.21 ± 0.59 (1.00–4.07) |
| Creatinine, mmol/l | 53.3 ± 10.0 (35.0–75.0) | 57.3 ± 12.0 (33.0–85.0) |
| Cystatin C, mg/l | 0.67 ± 0.12 (0.40–1.12) | 0.68 ± 0.10 (0.35–0.89) |
| GFR ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 (Larsson) | 125 ± 23 (74–199) | 121 ± 20 (92–227) |
| ACR, mg/mmol | 0.61 (0.40–0.90) (0.00–13.30) | 0.80 (0.43–1.33) (0.00–11.60) |
| 24-h SBP, mmHg | 114 ± 8 (98–137) | 116 ± 7 (98–134) |
| 24-h DBP, mmHg | 67 ± 6 (51–88) | 67 ± 5 (56–79) |
| 24-h MAP, mmHg | 84 ± 6 (71–102) | 84 ± 5 (75–99) |
| 24-h HR, bpm | 81.0 ± 9 (53–103) | 80 ± 9 (55–97) |
| Day SBP, mmHg | 117 ± 8 (100–140) | 120 ± 8 (101–140) |
| Day DBP, mmHg | 70 ± 6 (53–88) | 70 ± 6 (57–83) |
| Day MAP, mmHg | 86 ± 6 (72–102) | 88 ± 6 (75–103) |
| Day HR, bpm | 84 ± 9 (53–105) | 83 ± 10 (56–105) |
| Night SBP, mmHg | 104 ± 6 (90–130) | 107 ± 8 (90–125) |
| Night DBP, mmHg | 57 ± 5 (46–71) | 58 ± 5 (48–74) |
| Night MAP, mmHg | 75 ± 5 (65–93) | 76 ± 5 (75–103) |
| Night HR, bpm | 71 ± 10 (48–97) | 70 ± 9 (49–90) |
| Nondipper (n/total) | 38/95 | 34/89 |
Data are expressed as means ± SD for normally distributed variables, median, P25–P75 for positively skewed variables and % for categorical variables. T1DM, Type 1 diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate. Range (min–max) are included for all continuous variables.