Table 2.
Assessment of demographical and virological predictors for symptom severity in HMPV-infected patients
| Characteristics | TSSS (mean ± SD) |
p | β | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMPV genotype | ||||
| A, n = 40 | 11.53 ± 4.44 | 0.194a | 1.329 | 0.194 |
| B, n = 41 | 12.85 ± 4.67 | ref. | ||
| HMPV sub-lineage | ||||
| A2b, n = 25 | 11.16 ± 4.12 | 0.306b | ref. | |
| Unique A2 sub-lineage, n = 15 | 12.13 ± 5.03 | 0.973 | 0.515 | |
| B1, n = 25 | 13.56 ± 4.42 | 2.400 | 0.067 | |
| B2, n = 16 | 11.75 ± 4.99 | 0.590 | 0.687 | |
| Estimated no. of days elapsed between symptom onset and enrollment date | r = 0.106 | 0.348c | 0.153 | 0.348 |
| ≤ 1–2 days, n = 20 | 10.95 ± 4.77 | 0.373b | − 1.578 | 0.221 |
| 3–5 days, n = 36 | 12.53 ± 4.35 | ref. | ||
| ≥ 6 days, n = 25 | 12.72 ± 4.75 | 0.192 | 0.872 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male, n = 29 | 12.41 ± 4.73 | 0.753a | − 0.337 | 0.753 |
| Female, n = 52 | 12.08 ± 4.54 | ref. | ||
| Age | r = −0.335 | 0.002 c | − 0.080 | 0.002 |
| < 65 years old, n = 65 | 12.86 ± 4.55 | 0.008 a | ref. | |
| ≥ 65 years old, n = 16 | 9.50 ± 3.71 | −3.362 | 0.008 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese, n = 19 | 10.11 ± 4.31 | 0.054b | − 2.763 | 0.030# |
| Malay, n = 38 | 12.87 ± 4.02 | ref. | ||
| Indian, n = 21 | 13.33 ± 5.25 | 0.465 | 0.701 | |
| Others, n = 3 | 9.00 ± 4.36 | − 3.868 | 0.151 | |
| Viral Load (log10 RNA copies/μl), n = 78 | r = −0.118 | 0.303c | − 0.206 | 0.584 |
TSSS: Total symptom severity score, n: number of patients, SD: standard deviation, ref. category with the highest number of patients is chosen as reference
aP-value calculated by Independent Samples t-Test
bP-value calculated by One-way ANOVA
cP-value calculated by bivariate correlations
p*: p-value calculated by simple linear regression
r: Pearson’s correlation coefficient
β: linear regression coefficient
statistically significant comparisons (p < 0.05) are in bold
#p-value for significance was adjusted by Bonferroni correction to p < 0.0083 (0.05/6)