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. 2018 May 24;4:16. doi: 10.1186/s40900-018-0100-8

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Levels of best practice for PPI in SPCR projects, according to Boote et al’s quality indicators [25]. ^ Combination of two quality indicators linked with expenses: travel costs and indirect costs (e.g. carer costs); * Combines three quality indicators: ‘contribution of PPI included in research reports and papers’, ‘PPI acknowledged in research reports and papers’ and ‘details of PPI reported in research reports and publications’. Data obtained from a PubMed search for articles associated with the 15 projects included in the analysis; ^# Adaptation of the quality indicator: ‘PPI offered mentors for personal and technical support’; ^$ Adaptation of the quality indicator: ‘Research findings were distributed to patients involved in the research in an appropriate format’