Table 2.
Characteristics of the "exercise training + non-invasive ventilation (ET + NIV)", "ET + Sham" and Control groups at hospital admission and after study protocol
| Day 1 | Day 10 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ET+Sham | ET+NIV | Control | ET+Sham | ET+NIV | |
| NYHA | ||||||
| II, n (%) | - | - | - | 3 (33%) | 5 (55%)* | 8 (72%)* |
| III, n (%) | - | - | - | 4 (44%) | 3 (33%)* | 2 (18%)* |
| IV, n (%) | 9 (100%) | 9 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 2 (22%) | 1 (11%)* | 1 (10%)* |
| Dobutamine, n (%) | 5 (55%) | 4 (44%) | 6 (54%) | 3 (33%) | 2 (22%)*‡ | 2 (18%)*‡ |
| Exercise tolerance | ||||||
| Total exercise time, min | - | - | - | - | 92 (60 - 120) | 128 (90 - 160)† |
| 6MWT, m | 221 ± 58 | 238 ± 51 | 224 ± 30 | 266 ± 83 | 311 ± 67*‡ | 345 ± 61*†‡ |
| ∆6MWT, m | - | - | - | 45 ± 32 | 73 ± 26* | 120 ± 72*† |
| Pulmonary function | ||||||
| MIP, cmH2O | -65 ± 20 | -53 ± 20 | -60 ± 11 | -64 ± 31 | -61 ± 36 | -63 ± 15 |
| MIP, % predicted | 73 ± 25 | 77 ± 33 | 72 ± 24 | 72 ± 32 | 75 ± 42 | 77 ± 22 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 57 ± 21 | 59 ± 20 | 61 ± 22 | 68 ± 29 | 60 ± 20 | 65 ± 21 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.72 ± 0.18 | 0.79 ± 0.10 | 0.75 ± 0.12 | 0.74 ± 0.17 | 0.78 ± 0.18 | 0.76 ± 0.10 |
Definition of abbreviations: NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: six minute walk test; MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity. Values are expressed in mean ± standard deviation; median (interquartile range) and frequency (n and %). Repeated-measures ANOVA with the appropriate Bonferroni corrections was applied to variables described as mean ± standard deviation and the chi-square test was used to assess categorical data differences in frequency variables;
*
p < 0.05 vs. Control;
†
p < 0.05 vs. ET+Sham;
‡
p < 0.05 vs. Day 1