Table 1.

Overall Peak Sagittal-Plane Angles Among Female Dancers, Female Nondancers, and Male Nondancers During Single-Legged Drop-Vertical Jump From 30 cm^a

Sagittal-Plane Angle	Group Main Effect			Group × Activity Interaction				Group × Footwear Interaction				Group × Activity × Footwear Interaction
	Mean ± SE, °	F Value	P Value	Planned	Unplanned	Wilks λ	P Value	Shod	Barefoot	Wilks λ	P Value	Wilks λ	P Value
Ankle		0.77	.47	Mean ± SE, °		0.76	.02b	Mean ± SE, °		0.94	.43	0.85	.11
Female dancers	4.1 ± 2.5			5.0 ± 2.5c	3.3 ± 2.6c			1.4 ± 2.4	6.8 ± 3.0
Female nondancers	−0.2 ± 2.4			−0.1 ± 2.4	−0.3 ± 2.5			−2.9 ± 2.3	2.6 ± 2.9
Male nondancers	2.5 ± 3.0			2.3 ± 2.9c	2.7 ± 3.0c			−2.1 ± 2.8	7.1 ± 3.6
Knee		0.83	.45			0.99	.81			0.97	.60	1.00	.93
Female dancers	58.0 ± 2.7			57.3 ± 2.8	58.8 ± 2.7			58.2 ± 2.8	57.8 ± 2.6
Female nondancers	55.0 ± 2.4			54.3 ± 2.4	55.7 ± 2.3			54.9 ± 2.5	55.1 ± 2.3
Male nondancers	59.5 ± 2.8			58.5 ± 2.9	60.6 ± 2.8			59.1 ± 2.9	59.9 ± 2.7
Hip		0.78	.47			0.88	.13			0.99	.91	0.99	.88
Female dancers	42.4 ± 4.1			40.7 ± 4.1	44.1 ± 4.3			42.4 ± 4.2	42.4 ± 4.1
Female nondancers	37.3 ± 3.7			36.3 ± 3.6	38.3 ± 3.8			37.2 ± 3.7	37.5 ± 3.7
Male nondancers	43.9 ± 4.3			44.2 ± 4.3	43.7 ± 4.5			44.0 ± 4.4	43.8 ± 4.3

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

^aPositive values indicate ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion.

^bIndicates difference (P < .05).

^cIndicates greater dorsiflexion than in female nondancers.