Table 2.

Overall Peak Frontal-Plane Angles Among Female Dancers, Female Nondancers, and Male Nondancers During Single-Legged Drop-Vertical Jump From 30 cm^a

Frontal-Plane Angle	Group Main Effect			Group × Activity Interaction				Group × Footwear Interaction				Group × Activity × Footwear Interaction
	Mean ± SE, °	F Value	P Value	Planned	Unplanned	Wilks λ	P Value	Shod	Barefoot	Wilks λ	P Value	Wilks λ	P Value
Ankle		3.78	.04b	Mean ± SE, °		0.92	.29	Mean ± SE, °		0.96	.55	0.96	.55
Female dancers	9.0 ± 2.8			8.8 ± 2.8	9.2 ± 2.8			3.3 ± 3.5	14.6 ± 2.9
Female nondancers	0.9 ± 2.7			1.0 ± 2.6	0.9 ± 2.7			−3.3 ± 3.3	5.1 ± 2.8
Male nondancers	11.6 ± 3.3			11.8 ± 3.2	11.4 ± 3.3			4.9 ± 4.1	18.4 ± 3.4
Knee		2.28	.12			0.98	.77			0.97	.66	0.94	.36
Female dancers	6.1 ± 1.7			6.1 ± 1.7	6.1 ± 1.8			6.3 ± 1.7	5.9 ± 1.8
Female nondancers	5.0 ± 1.5			4.9 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 1.6			5.1 ± 1.5	4.9 ± 1.6
Male nondancers	10.0 ± 1.8			9.8 ± 1.8	10.2 ± 1.9			10.0 ± 1.8	9.9 ± 1.9
Hip		2.66	.09			0.85	.08			1.00	.93	0.97	.62
Female dancers	6.8 ± 2.2			7.5 ± 2.2	6.0 ± 2.2			6.3 ± 2.2	7.2 ± 2.3
Female nondancers	9.0 ± 1.9			9.0 ± 1.9	9.0 ± 2.0			8.4 ± 1.9	9.6 ± 2.0
Male nondancers	2.1 ± 2.3			3.1 ± 2.3	1.1 ± 2.3			1.6 ± 2.3	2.6 ± 2.4

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

^aPositive values indicate ankle inversion, knee varus, and hip adduction.

^bIndicates difference (P < .05).