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. 2015 Apr 6;18(2):186–195. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv070

Table 3.

Correlates of Trajectory Group Membership Measured in 1987

Predictor	Smoking trajectory group mean^a					Omnibus F-value	Significant pairwise differences^b	Smokeless trajectory group mean^a				Omnibus F-value	Significant pairwise differences^b	Smoking by smokeless interaction F-value
Predictor	(1) consistent abstainer from cigarettes	(2) late onset, cessation	(3) early onset, cessation	(4) delayed onset regular, cessation	(5) regular	Omnibus F-value	Significant pairwise differences^b	(1) early onset, cessation	(2) consistent abstainer from smokeless tobacco	(3) late onset	(4) regular	Omnibus F-value	Significant pairwise differences^b	Smoking by smokeless interaction F-value
Personally relevant health beliefs about smoking	2.04	2.17	2.51	2.46	2.64	8.51***	1,5*; 2,3; 2,5***	2.44	2.28	2.29	2.45	1.23	None	0.57
Personally relevant health beliefs about smokeless	2.90	2.72	3.08	2.67	2.93	4.50**	2,3*; 3,4	2.80	2.79	2.79	3.07	5.52**	3,4**	1.03
Personalized risk of addiction to smoking	2.97	2.78	3.11	2.48	2.70	2.98*	3,5*	2.57	2.93	2.85	2.88	1.19	None	1.90*
Personalized risk of addiction to smokeless	2.56	2.53	2.83	2.35	2.85	3.63**	4,5*	2.42	2.74	2.66	2.68	1.16	None	1.20
General health beliefs about smoking	1.80	1.94	2.38	2.16	2.41	13.29***	1,3*; 1,5; 2,3; 2,5*	2.13	2.07	2.17	2.19	0.53	None	0.80
General health beliefs about smokeless	1.87	2.16	2.44	2.20	2.50	7.56***	1,3; 1,5; 2,5*	2.27	1.94	2.22	2.50	8.12***	2,4**; 3,4	0.87
Normative beliefs about smoking	1.86	1.73	2.23	1.92	2.42	18.66***	1,5; 2,3; 2,5; 4,5	1.95	2.10	1.97	2.10	1.09	None	0.66
Normative beliefs about smokeless	2.02	1.82	2.36	1.99	2.40	11.40***	2,3*; 2,5; 4,5	2.19	1.87	2.00	2.42	9.50***	2,4*; 3,4*	1.91*
Perceived prevalence of smoking	42.42	45.77	47.53	46.50	52.73	4.46**	2,5*	45.87	43.59	49.12	49.38	1.57	None	0.53
Perceived prevalence of smokeless	39.26	37.47	35.09	33.77	38.93	1.07	None	35.17	32.69	37.74	42.01	3.95**	2,4*	0.68
Health dangers of smoking versus smokeless	−0.73	−0.89	−0.87	−0.99	−0.77	0.82	None	−1.06	−0.65	−0.79	−0.89	2.04	None	0.80

^aEstimated marginal means.

^bSignificant pairwise differences after Bonferroni adjustment.

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.