Table 3.
Average±standard deviation of background-corrected concentrations of individual VOCs measured by whole-air sampling with canisters during 3-D printing (μg m−3).
| VOC | ABS | PLA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Natural | Blue | Red | Black | True red | Army green | Ocean blue | Trans blue | |
| Acetaldehyde | 16.3 ± 10.1 | 13.7 ± 8.5 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 5.0 ± 0.6 |
| Ethanol | 57.3 ± 32.4 | 67.2 | 39.9 | 63.1 | 103.3 ± 5.6 | 85.0 ± 79.1 | 55.5 ± 22.1 | 73.0 ± 77.1 |
| Acetonitrile | 0.6 | 2.7 | 5.4 ± 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | ||
| Acetone | 15.0 ± 7.9 | 62.4 ± 12.0 | 31.5 | 45.3 ± 2.3 | 27.0 ± 18.7 | 31.8 ± 1.0 | 7.2 ± 2.7 | 3.5 ± 0.9 |
| Isopropyl alc. | 87.2 ± 83.8 | 47.7 | 108.1 | 213.0 | 552.3 ± 66.9 | 1582.8 | 278.3 ± 3.4 | 99.4 ± 44.6 |
| n-Hexane | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | |
| Chloroform | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | |
| Benzene | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | |||||
| Toluene | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | |||||
| Ethylbenzene | 4.7 | 7.3 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | |||||
| m,p-Xylene | 0.2 | 3.1 ± 2.1 | 3.0 | 1.8 | ||||
| Styrene | 252.1 ± 128.7 | 212.1 ± 9.9 | 237.1 ± 62.9 | 100.5 ± 11.7 | ||||
| o-Xylene | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.9 | ||||||
| D-Limonene | ||||||||
Note. Empty cell = compound not detected or present at level less than background (pre-operating phase), ABS = acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, PLA = polylactic acid.