Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by CKD status at baseline
| Baseline Covariates | All, n=3390 | Baseline CKD Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No CKD, n=2734 | CKD, n=656 | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr, mean±SD | 55±13 | 53±13 | 62±13 |
| Men, n (%) | 1266 (37) | 1040 (38) | 226 (34) |
| Education: less than or equal to high school diploma, n (%) | 1221 (36) | 878 (32) | 343 (52) |
| Lower middle income, n (%) | 1051 (31) | 778 (28) | 273 (42) |
| Not employed, n (%) | 2118 (62) | 1853 (68) | 265 (40) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean±SD | 32±7 | 31±7 | 33±8 |
| Former/current smoker, n (%) | 1015 (30) | 798 (29) | 217 (33) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2051 (61) | 1496 (55) | 555 (85) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 727 (21) | 442 (16) | 285 (43) |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 366 (11) | 215 (8) | 151 (23) |
| CKD awareness,a n (%) | 182 (5) | 86 (3) | 96 (15) |
| eGFR, mean±SD | 93±24 | 99±18 | 71±31 |
| ACR, median (IQR) | 6 (4–12) | 5 (4–9) | 63 (33–194) |
| Psychosocial measures [range],b mean±SD | |||
| Perceived discrimination | |||
| Daily [0–54] | 9.29±8.96 | 9.69±9.03 | 7.61±8.47 |
| Lifetime [0–9] | 2.95±2.16 | 3.06±2.18 | 2.5±2.01 |
| Burden of lifetime [3–10] | 3.68±2.42 | 3.73±2.39 | 3.46±2.54 |
| Anger | |||
| In [0–22] | 5.32±3.48 | 5.32±3.51 | 5.31±3.3 |
| Out [0–23] | 4.41±3.11 | 4.4±3.09 | 4.45±3.18 |
| Hostility [0–27] | 11.59±4.85 | 11.49±4.77 | 12.11±5.19 |
| John Henryism [12–60] | 29.77±4.44 | 29.72±4.36 | 30.02±4.82 |
| Stress [0–24] | 5.0±4.31 | 5.2±4.36 | 4.16±4 |
| Pessimism [0–12] | 2.02±2.14 | 1.97±2.12 | 2.27±2.23 |
| Low spirituality [5–30] | 6.71±4.66 | 6.74±4.7 | 6.62±4.43 |
| Social status [1–10] | 3.37±2.03 | 3.42±2.03 | 3.2±2.06 |
| Perceived social support [0–12] | 6.04±2.69 | 6.1±2.67 | 5.8±2.73 |
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Self-reported history of kidney disease.
b
Range of scores from scales used to assess psychosocial measures. With the exception of social status (which we scored on a reverse scale), higher scores indicate greater rating of each measure.