Table 4.

Associations between psychosocial factors and CKD outcomes in the Jackson Heart Study stratified by sex

Psychosocial Factorsa Stratified by Sex	Prevalent CKD		Incident CKD		eGFR Decline
	OR (95% CI)b	P Value for Interaction	OR (95% CI)b	P Value for Interaction	β (95% CI)c	P Value for Interaction
Stressors		0.09		0.77		0.21
Men	0.90 (0.68 to 1.18)		0.91 (0.64 to 1.30)		−0.01 (−0.17 to 0.14)
Women	0.69 (0.57 to 0.84)		1.09 (0.86 to 1.38)		0.12 (−0.01 to 0.24)
Moods		0.39		0.07		0.45
Men	1.22 (0.93 to 1.60)		0.72 (0.48 to 1.08)		<−0.01 (−0.16 to 0.15)
Women	1.07 (0.89 to 1.28)		1.16 (0.91 to 1.48)		0.03 (−0.09 to 0.16)
Coping		0.55		0.93		0.68
Men	1.03 (0.78 to 1.36)		0.87 (0.61 to 1.26)		−0.04 (−0.19 to 0.12)
Women	1.10 (0.91 to 1.33)		0.91 (0.72 to 1.17)		<0.01 (−0.12 to 0.13)

OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.

^aPsychosocial factors are underlying constructs derived using principal component analysis separately for each outcome. Each factor features the following psychosocial variables that loaded heavily on it: (1) stressors: discrimination (daily, lifetime, and burden of lifetime) and stress across all CKD outcomes; (2) moods: hostility and anger across all CKD outcomes; and (3) coping: John Henryism, social status, and perceived social support across all CKD outcomes; it additionally included low spirituality for the prevalent and incident CKD outcomes and pessimism for eGFR decline outcome.

^bEstimates are from logistic regression (binary outcome).

^cLinear regression (continuous outcome variable; milliliters per minute per 1.73 m² per year). All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, family income, employment status, educational attainment, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, and self-reported history of cardiovascular disease; the eGFR decline model (linear regression) was additionally adjusted for baseline eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio.