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(A) Time series of energy dissipation rate D and Fourier coefficient modulus |a(1, 0)|—rare events are signaled by burst in D and sudden dip in |a(1, 0)|. (B) Root mean squared (RMS) modulus for wavenumbers −8 ≤ k1, k2 ≤ 8. (C) Vorticity field ∇ × u = ω at time t = 90 over the domain x ∈ [0, 2π] × [0, 2π].
