Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of the major normal lipoprotein metabolic pathways. Blue arrows refer to points of action of the respective enzymes in blue. ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1; ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; ApoA-IV, apolipoprotein A-IV; CE, cholesterol ester; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; FFA, free fatty acid; HTGL, hepatic triglyceride lipase; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase; LDL-R, LDL receptor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; LRP, LDL-R–related protein; SR-B1, scavenger receptor B1; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells. Reprinted and adapted from reference 7, with permission.