Table 1.

Common echocardiographic parameters evaluated in studies in patients receiving hemodialysis^83–85

Description	Parameters
Left ventricular size	LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-diastolic volume index, LV end-systolic volume index
LVH	LVMi, interventricular septum diameter, posterior wall diameter
Left ventricular systolic function	LVEF, cardiac output, stroke volume
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and filling pressures	Peak early mitral diastolic velocity (E), peak late mitral diastolic velocity (A), ratio of early and late mitral diastolic velocities (E/A), deceleration time of E wave, ratio of peak early and early tissue-Doppler mitral diastolic velocities (E/Em)
Left atrial size	Left atrial volume index
Right ventricular size	Right ventricular end-diastolic diameter
Right ventricular systolic function	Peak tricuspid systolic velocity, myocardial performance index for RV (Tei index RV)
Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction and filling pressures	Ratio of peak early and early tissue-Doppler tricuspid diastolic velocities (E/Em RV), myocardial performance index for RV (Tei index RV)
Right ventricular and pulmonary circulation hemodynamics	Tricuspid regurgitation Vmax, tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient, RVSP, pulmonary vascular resistances
Right atrial size	Right atrial volume index
Right atrial pressure	Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility

Increase in LV size is suggested by increase in LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-diastolic volume index, and LV end-systolic volume index. LVH is suggested by increase in LVMi, interventricular septum diameter, and posterior wall diameter. Decrease in LV systolic function is suggested by reduced LVEF, cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work (SW), and PVA. LV diastolic dysfunction is suggested by E, E/A, and deceleration time of E wave decrease as well as A increase. Increased LV filling pressures are suggested by E/Em increase. Increased left atrial size is suggested by an increase of left atrial volume index (LAVi). Increase of RV size is suggested by an increase of right ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Decrease in RV systolic function is suggested by reduced peak tricuspid systolic velocity and increased Tei index RV. RV diastolic dysfunction and increased RV filling pressures are suggested by increased E/Em RV and Tei index RV. Impaired RV and pulmonary circulation hemodynamics are suggested by increased Tricuspid regurgitation V_max, tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient, RVSP, and pulmonary vascular resistances. Increased right atrial size is suggested by increased right atrial volume index. Increased right atrial pressure is suggested by increased inferior vena cava and reduced inferior vena cava collapsibility during respiration.