(
A) Three rounds of ribosome display using the same type of magnetic beads for target immobilization (Dynabeads Myone Streptavidin T1) failed to generate sybodies against ABC transporter TM287/288. Pool enrichment against TM287/288 compared to negative control AcrB was poor. No positive ELISA hits were identified. (
B) Sybody selections against TM287/288 were performed applying one round of ribosome display followed by two rounds of phage display using Dynabeads Myone Streptavidin T1 for target immobilization. The pool was enriched approximately 30 fold and a few positive ELISA hits were found. Purification of identified sybodies failed. (
C) Sybody selections against ABC transporter IrtAB, a homologue of TM287/288 sharing a sequence identity of 27%, was performed as in (
B), but using different immobilization chemistries (Dynabeads Myone Streptavidin T1 for ribosome display, Maxisorp microtiter plates for the first phage display round and Dynabeads Myone Streptavidin C1 for the second phage display round) to suppress accumulation of background binders. Strong enrichment was observed and a high number of positive ELISA hits were identified. Only 27% of positive ELISA hits were unique sybodies with moderate affinities. (
D) Final optimized sybody selection protocol as described in the materials and methods section. Diversity bottlenecks were removed by using Taq DNA polymerase for cDNA amplification and increasing the working volume of the first phage display round. An off-rate selection step was introduced in the second phage display round. Enrichment and number of ELISA hits was similar to the selection shown in (
C). The number of unique ELISA hits increased to 83% and high affinity binders were obtained. The binders obtained in (
D) against TM287/288 are described in detail in main
Figures 3 and
4.