Table 2.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression of all-cause mortality risk for the allostatic load score in 3 groups using data obtained from multiple imputation (N = 8,113)
| Crude hazard ratio | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | References | Level | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Allostatic load | Low AL (0 ≤ AL < 3) | Mid AL (3 ≤ AL < 5) | 1.98 [1.25–3.13] | 1.7E−03 | 1.81 [1.14–2.88] | 5.7E−03 | 1.71 [1.07–2.72] | 1.2E−02 |
| High AL (5 ≤ AL ≤ 12) | 3.56 [2.3–5.53] | 7.0E−09 | 2.98 [1.9–4.67] | 1.1E−06 | 2.57 [1.59–4.15] | 5.6E−05 | ||
| Sex | Men | Women | 0.65 [0.46–0.93] | 9.9E−01 | 0.65 [0.46–0.93] | 9.9E−01 | 0.68 [0.46–1] | 9.8E−01 |
| Mother’s education level | Left school at 15 or later | Left school before 14 | 0.65 [0.42–1] | 9.7E−01 | 0.66 [0.43–1.02] | 9.7E−01 | ||
| Father’s social class at birth | Non-manual | Manual | 1.52 [0.91–2.55] | 5.2E−02 | 1.5 [0.89–2.51] | 6.2E−02 | ||
| Overcrowding | 1.5 people per room | < 1.5 people per room | 1.35 [0.77–2.39] | 1.5E−01 | 1.41 [0.79–2.5] | 1.2E−01 | ||
| Mother’s BMI | Normal | Underweight | 0.65 [0.24–1.79] | 8.0E−01 | 0.66 [0.24–1.81] | 7.9E−01 | ||
| Overweight | 1.23 [0.79–1.92] | 1.7E−01 | 1.28 [0.82–2] | 1.4E−01 | ||||
| Obese | 1.55 [0.74–3.27] | 1.2E−01 | 1.59 [0.75–3.39] | 1.1E−01 | ||||
| Mother smoked during pregnancy | No | Sometimes | 1.14 [0.56–2.31] | 3.6E−01 | 1.15 [0.56–2.33] | 3.5E−01 | ||
| Moderately | 1.17 [0.71–1.91] | 2.7E−01 | 1.14 [0.7–1.88] | 3.0E−01 | ||||
| Heavily | 1.63 [1.02–2.59] | 2.1E−02 | 1.56 [0.97–2.5] | 3.2E−02 | ||||
| Birth weight | Q1: low weight | Q2 | 0.85 [0.54–1.33] | 7.7E−01 | 0.83 [0.53–1.3] | 7.9E−01 | ||
| Q3 | 0.62 [0.37–1.04] | 9.6E−01 | 0.61 [0.36–1.01] | 9.7E−01 | ||||
| Q4:high weight | 0.69 [0.4–1.17] | 9.2E−01 | 0.66 [0.39–1.13] | 9.4E−01 | ||||
| Childhood pathologies | No | Yes | 1.46 [1.01–2.1] | 2.1E−02 | 1.43 [0.99–2.07] | 2.7E−02 | ||
| ACEs | None | One | 0.93 [0.59–1.47] | 6.2E−01 | 0.86 [0.54–1.36] | 7.4E−01 | ||
| Two or more | 1.71 [0.99–2.93] | 2.6E−02 | 1.54 [0.89–2.67] | 6.0E−02 | ||||
| Malaise inventory at 23 | No | Yes | 1.37 [0.76–2.47] | 1.5E−01 | 1.22 [0.67–2.23] | 2.5E−01 | ||
| Education level at 23 | Passed A levels | Passed O levels | 1.01 [0.56–1.81] | 4.9E−01 | 0.93 [0.51–1.69] | 6.0E−01 | ||
| No qualifications | 1.31 [0.73–2.37] | 1.8E−01 | 1.02 [0.53–1.99] | 4.7E−01 | ||||
| Social class at 42 | Non-manual | Manual | 1.13 [0.74–1.73] | 2.8E−01 | ||||
| Smoking status at 42 | Non-smoker | Former smoker | 0.92 [0.54–1.58] | 6.2E−01 | ||||
| Smoker: less than 10 cigarettes | 1.19 [0.59–2.43] | 3.1E−01 | ||||||
| Smoker: 10–19 cigarettes | 1.11 [0.6–2.06] | 3.7E−01 | ||||||
| Smoker: more than 20 cigarettes | 1.83 [1.14–2.95] | 6.5E−03 | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption at 42 | Moderate | Abstainers | 0.74 [0.47–1.19] | 8.9E−01 | ||||
| Heavy drinking | 1.11 [0.74–1.68] | 3.1E−01 | ||||||
| Physical activity at 42 | Physically active | Moderately active | 1.14 [0.6–2.16] | 3.4E−01 | ||||
| Inactive | 1.23 [0.83–1.81] | 1.5E−01 | ||||||
| BMI at 42 | Normal | Underweight | 1.69 [0.4–7.04] | 2.4E−01 | ||||
| Overweight | 0.79 [0.52–1.2] | 8.6E−01 | ||||||
| Obese | 1.04 [0.64–1.72] | 4.3E−01 | ||||||
| House tenure at 42 | Own | Rent from local authority, housing tenure association | 1.48 [0.91–2.4] | 5.6E−02 | ||||
| Rent privately | 1.28 [0.51–3.2] | 3.0E−01 | ||||||
| Rent others | NA | NA | ||||||
| Others | 2.05 [0.94–4.47] | 3.5E−02 | ||||||