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. 2018 May 18;9:1054. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01054

Table 1.

Regulation of NLR family pyrin domain (PYD)-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation through posttranslational modification (PTM) of NLRP3.

PTM Modification site Enzymes/triggers Effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation Reference
Phosphorylation Y861 (human)
Y859 (mouse)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 Dephosphorylation of NLRP3 (⇧) (25)
S295 (human)
S291 (mouse)
Protein kinase A Phosphorylation of NLRP3 (⇩) (26, 27)
S5 (human)
S3 (mouse)
Protein phosphatase 2A Dephosphorylation of NLRP3 (⇧) (28)
S198 (human)
S194 (mouse)
Jun N-terminal kinase Phosphorylation of NLRP3 (⇧) (29)
S295 (human)
S293 (mouse)
Protein kinase D Phosphorylation of NLRP3 (⇧) (30)

Ubiquitination Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain BRCC3 (mouse)
BRCC36 (human)
Deubiquitination of NLRP3 (⇧) (40)
K689 (human) F-box L2 Ubiquitination of NLRP3 (↓, ⇩) (42)
Pyrin domain TRIM31 Ubiquitination of NLRP3 (↓, ⇩) (43)
Nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and LRR domain MARCH7 Ubiquitination of NLRP3 (↓, ⇩) (44)
NBD Ariadne homolog 2 Ubiquitination of NLRP3 (⇩) (41)

Alkylation C419 (human) Acrylamide derivatives Alkylation of NLRP3 (⇩) (51)

S-nitrosylation Unknown Nitric oxide and SNAP S-nitrosylation of NLRP3 (⇩) (54)

↓, Decrease of NLRP3 protein level; ⇧, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; ⇩, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.