Table 2.

Occurrence of microcystin (MC) contamination in Aphanizonemon flos-aquae containing blue-green algal dietary supplements as determined by protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS values represent the average for duplicate analyses (n = 2) analyzed on separate days.

Sample Number	Active Ingredient	Form	Recommended Consumption (g/day)	PPIA (μg/g MC)	LC-MS/MS (μg/g MC)	BGA Source
1	AFA	Powder	1	2.8	3.0	Klamath
2	AFA	Capsule	1.6-as needed	1.5	1.3	Klamath
3	AFA	Capsule	1.2	1.2	1.4	NA
4	AFA	Tablet	1	1.1	1.4	Klamath
5	AFA	Powder	0.8 (1/2 for children<12)	1.0	1.1	USA
6	AFA	Powder	1.6 (1/2 for children<12)	1.0	1.1	USA
7	AFA	Powder	5.5–11	0.97	0.98	Klamath
8	AFA	Powder	1	0.97	0.74	Klamath
9	AFA	Tablet	2	0.95	1.2	Klamath
10	AFA	Capsule	1.5–3	0.92	0.80	Klamath
11	AFA	Capsule	0.8-as needed	0.89	0.68	Klamath
12	AFA-Mixed	Capsule	1.1-as needed	0.83	0.77	NA
13	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Powder	9.8	0.61e,f	NDe	Klamath
14	AFA	Capsule	1–3	0.56	0.60	Klamath
15	AFA	Powder	1	0.43	–	Klamath
16	AFA-Mixed	Capsule	2	0.43	–	NA
17	AFA	Capsule	1.2	0.42	–	Klamath
18	AFA-Mixed	Capsule	2.2–6.6	0.41	–	USA
19	AFA	Capsule	1–3	0.38	–	Klamath
20	AFA	Capsule	1–3	0.36	–	Klamath
21	AFA	Capsule	1–3	0.35	–	Klamath
22	AFA	Capsule	1–3	0.34	–	Klamath
23	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Powder	8	0.30	–	USA
24a	AFA	Powder	1.3–2.6d -as needed	0.29	–	Klamath
25b	AFA	Powder	0.3–1d -as needed	0.27	–	Klamath
26	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Powder	8	0.26	–	USA
27	AFA	Capsule	0.5	<0.25	–	NA
28	AFA/S	Tablet	0.5	<0.25	–	Klamath
29	AFA	Capsule	1.5	<0.25	–	Klamath
30	AFA/S/C	Capsule	3.7	<0.25	–	Klamath
31	AFA	Capsule	1.5–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
32	AFA	Capsule	1.5	<0.25	–	Klamath
33	AFA	Capsule	1.5–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
34	AFA	Tablet	0.5–1	<0.25	–	Klamath
35	AFA	Capsule	1–2	<0.25	–	Klamath
36	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
37	AFA	Capsule	1	<0.25	–	USA
38	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
39	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
40	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
41	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
42	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
43	AFA	Capsule	1–3	<0.25	–	Klamath
44	AFA	Capsule	0.6	<0.25	–	USA
45	AFA/C-Mixed	Tablet	9.1	<0.25	–	NA
46	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Powder	8	<0.25	–	USA
47	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Powder	15	<0.25	–	NA
48	AFA-Mixed	Capsule	0.6	<0.25	–	NA
49g	AFA/S/C-Mixed	Capsule	0.8 -as needed	<0.25	0.12	Klamath
50c,g	AFA-Mixed	Powder	7–40d	<0.25	0.20	USA
51a,g	AFA-Mixed	Tablet	0.75–6d	<0.25	0.26	USA
52g	C	Capsule	3.69	<0.25	ND	NA
53	C	Capsule	2	<0.25	–	Japan
54	C	Powder	3	<0.25	–	Japan
55	S	Tablet	3	<0.25	–	USA
56	S	Tablet	2	<0.25	–	USA
57	S	Powder	13	<0.25	–	USA
58	S	Powder	1	<0.25	–	NA

AFA – Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, S – Spirulina, C – Chlorella.

Mixed – Additional non-BGA active ingredients.

“–” With the exception of negative controls, only samples ≥0.50 μg/g by PPIA were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.

ND – Not Detected (below limit of detection for each congener).

NA – Information Not Available.

^aMarketed for dogs.

^bMarketed for cats.

^cMarketed for horses.

^dRecommended dosage varies depending on weight of animal, entire range shown.

^eAverage of replicate measurements.

^fFalse positive.

^gLC-MS/MS negative controls (as defined by PPIA).