Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing ERCP
| Epinephrine n (%) | Indomethacin n (%) | Combination n (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 33 (33.7) | 41 (41.8) | 24 (24.5) | 0.104 |
| Female | 33 (35.1) | 27 (28.7) | 34 (36.2) | |
| Mean age, years | 59.59±15.680 | 58.06±17.125 | 59.62±15.369 | 0.818 |
| PD dilation | 1 (12.5) | 4 (50.7) | 3 (37.5) | 0.404 |
| CBD stone | 28 (34.1) | 30 (36.6) | 24 (29.3) | 0.970 |
| PD injection | 2 (33.3) | 3 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | 0.687 |
| PD cannulation | 6 (50.0) | 2 (16.7) | 4 (33.3) | 0.329 |
| CBD dilation | 48 (37.5) | 45 (35.2) | 35 (27.3) | 0.343 |
| Balloon dilation of sphincter of Oddi | 16 (42.1) | 12 (31.6) | 10 (26.3) | 0.533 |
| Biliary stricture | 13 (40.6) | 10 (31.2) | 9 (28.1) | 0.712 |
| Biliary duct tumor | 3 (18.8) | 7 (43.8) | 6 (37.5) | 0.389 |
| Suspected SOD | 3 (37.5) | 2 (25.0) | 3 (37.5) | 0.808 |
| Difficult cannulation | 14 (25.0) | 19 (33.9) | 23 (41.1) | 0.076 |
| Sphincterotomy | 51 (33.1) | 53 (34.4) | 50 (32.5) | 0.421 |
| Needle knife precut | 7 (30.4) | 7 (30.4) | 9 (39.1) | 0.610 |
| Peri-ampullary diverticulum | 17 (34.7) | 16 (32.7) | 16 (32.7) | 0.872 |
| Cholecystectomy | 13 (34.2) | 13 (34.2) | 12 (31.6) | 0.976 |
| Pre-amylase level, IU/L | 88.4 (40.25) | 98 (43.2) | 96 (45.62) | 0.732 |
| Pre-lipase level, IU/L | 101 (51.40) | 92.5 (46.9) | 90.1 (41.85) | 0.605 |
| Post-amylase level (4 h), IU/L | 264.5 (255.1) | 286.3 (274.5) | 269.1 (257.6) | 0.460 |
| Post-amylase level (24 h), IU/L | 642.1 (1,115) | 676 (1,163.3) | 615.4 (1,064.2) | 0.542 |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PD, pancreatic duct; CBD, common bile duct; SOD, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.