Table 2.
Communication rates from recent BCI and conventional access to communication interfaces.
| BCI method | Population | Selection rate | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin BCI (motor imagery) | Healthy | 2.3–7.6 letters/min | Blankertz et al. (2006) |
| Graz BCI (motor imagery) | Healthy | 2.0 letters/min | Scherer et al. (2004) |
| Graz BCI (motor imagery) | Impaired | 0.2–2.5 letter/min | Neuper et al. (2003) |
| P300 speller (visual) | Healthy | 4.3 letters/min | Donchin et al. (2000) |
| 19.4 char/min (120.0 bits/min) | Townsend and Platsko (2016) | ||
| P300 speller (visual) | ALS | 1.5–4.1 char/min (4.8–19.2 bits/min) | Nijboer, Sellers, et al. (2008) |
| ALS | 3–7.5 char/min | Mainsah et al. (2015) | |
| RSVP P300 | LIS | 0.4–2.3 char/min | Oken et al. (2014) |
| RSVP P300 | Healthy | 1.2–2.5 letter/min | Acqualagna and Blankertz (2013), Oken et al. (2014) |
| SSVEP | Healthy | 33.3 char/min | Chen et al. (2015) |
| 10.6 selections/min (27.2 bits/min) | Friman et al. (2007) | ||
| AAC (row–column) | Healthy | 18–22 letters/min | Roark et al. (2015) |
| LIS | 6.0 letters/min | ||
| AAC (direct selection) | Healthy | 5.2 words/min | Trnka et al. (2008) |
Note. BCI = brain–computer interface; ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; RSVP = rapid serial visual presentation; LIS = locked-in syndrome; SSVEP = steady state visually evoked potential; AAC = augmentative and alternative communication; char = character.