Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Total | No LVH | LVH | p value | |
| N, % | 281 | 103 (36.6) | 178 (63.3) | |
| Male | 143 (51) | 42 (40.5) | 101 (56.7) | < 0.001 |
| Age, year | 63 ± 12 | 61 ± 11 | 66 ± 12 | 0.02 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 3.68 | 25.3 ± 3.78 | 25.2 ± 3.60 | 0.214 |
| Hemodialysis duration, years | 5.7 ± 3.3 | 3.8 ± 4.1 | 8.2 ± 3.5 | 0.012 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 142 ± 14 | 138 ± 11 | 153 ± 16 | 0.034 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78 ± 9 | 77 ± 11 | 79 ± 8 | 0.751 |
| Hypertension | 243 (86.7) | 77 (74.7) | 166 (93.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 169 (60.2) | 63 (61.1) | 106 (59.5) | 0.391 |
| CAD | 109 (38.8) | 30 (29.1) | 79 (44.4) | 0.015 |
| History of HF hospitalization | 94 (33.3) | 19 (18.4) | 75 (42.1) | < 0.001 |
| History of CVA | 34 (12.2) | 9 (8.7) | 25 (14.4) | 0.478 |
| Medications | ||||
| Anti-platelets | 132 (46.9) | 44 (43.1) | 88 (49.4) | 0.392 |
| Aldactone | 89 (31.6) | 20 (19.4) | 79 (44.3) | 0.004 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 92 (32.7) | 33 (32.5) | 59 (33.1) | 0.124 |
| Beta-blockers | 52 (18.5) | 15 (14.5) | 37 (20.8) | 0.218 |
| CCBs | 100 (35.5) | 27 (26.2) | 73 (41.0) | 0.032 |
| Statins | 20 (7.1) | 6 (5.8) | 14 (7.9) | 0.184 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 10.93 ± 1.5 | 10.90 ± 1.72 | 10.97 ± 1.17 | 0.482 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.50 ± 1.89 | 7.43 ± 2.27 | 7.58 ± 1.45 | 0.651 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.97 ± 0.33 | 4.00 ± 0.32 | 3.92 ± 0.35 | 0.194 |
| Parathyroid hormone, pg/ml | 379.27 ± 191.2 | 365.95 ± 183.71 | 394.38 ± 196.50 | 0.221 |
| C-reactive protein, md/dl | 14.6 ± 24.9 | 15.4 ± 29.3 | 12.9 ± 19.3 | 0.186 |
| ADMA (μmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.17 | 0.87 ± 0.17 | 1.26 ± 0.16 | 0.014 |
| Urea reduction ratio, % | 75 ± 6.6 | 74 ± 5.3 | 75 ± 7.9 | 0.229 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LVDD, mm | 44.9 ± 6.68 | 40.2 ± 5.58 | 47.7 ± 5.64* | < 0.001 |
| LVESD, mm | 29.0 ± 6.10 | 24.8 ± 4.30 | 31.5 ± 5.68* | < 0.001 |
| IVS, mm | 12.6 ± 2.91 | 11.6 ± 1.42 | 13.2 ± 3.37* | < 0.001 |
| PWd, mm | 12.0 ± 2.54 | 11.2 ± 1.55 | 12.5 ± 2.88* | 0.021 |
| LA, mm | 39.2 ± 6.26 | 36.0 ± 6.54 | 41.1 ± 5.32* | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 63 ± 10 | 64 ± 8 | 62 ± 10 | 0.228 |
| TRPG, mmHg | 28 ± 12.2 | 21 ± 9.7 | 41 ± 12.2 | 0.017 |
| E/A ratio | 0.86 ± 0.25 | 0.81 ± 0.17 | 0.89 ± 0.28 | 0.712 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 127 ± 49.6 | 87 ± 15.9 | 148 ± 48.3 | < 0.001 |
| Advanced diastolic dysfunction, % | 124 (44.1) | 27 (26.2) | 97 (54.5) | 0.002 |
ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ADMA, asymmetrical dimethylarginine; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; E/A, the ratio of peak velocity flow in early diastole (the E wave) to peak velocity flow in late diastole caused by atrial contraction (the A wave); HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IVS, interventricle septum; LA, left atrium dimension; LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic dimensions; LVESD, left ventricle end-systolic dimensions; LVMI, left ventricle mass index; PWd, posterior wall thickness; TRPG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient.