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Desorption of end-grafted polymers from different substrates in ultrapure water. Typical retraction force curves for (a) PHEMA and (b) PMMA, as captured for the polymer desorbing in the surface-normal direction. Histograms of the desorption forces for (c) PHEMA and (d) PMMA recorded on mica, silica, and HOPG, from top to bottom. The vertical axes correspond to the number of counts, normalized to the maximum. The black lines show the Gaussian fit of the desorption forces.
