(a) Percent of mock or DVB-ablated males with chronically protracted
spicules 20 hours after ablation at day indicated (mean +/−
S.E.M., two-tailed Student’s t-test). (b) Percent of worms
responding to 488nm light with movement of spicules for control,
Ex[lim-6int4::ChR2::yfp],
and Ex[gar-3b::ChR2::yfp](mean
+/− S.E.M., one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD).
(c) Percent of worms with or without
Ex[lim-6int4::ChR2::yfp]
responding to blue light with spicule movement at day 1 in control,
unc-49(e407), and unc-25(e156) males (mean
+/− S.E.M., one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD).
(d) Diagram of GABA and acetylcholine input onto spicule
muscles showing site of aldicarb action. (e) Males on 5mM aldicarb
media timed for spicule protraction >5s (dot=one animal, magenta
bar=median, and boxes=quartiles, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc
Tukey HSD (true for f, h, and k)). (f) Control, mock-, DVB-ablated,
or lim-6(nr2073) mutant males timed for aldicarb-induced
spicule protraction 12 hours after ablation. (g) Diagram of
gar-3b GRASP. (h) Quantification and
(i) confocal images of gar-3b GRASP puncta.
(j) Diagram of flp-13p GRASP. (k)
Quantification and (l) confocal images of flp-13p
GRASP puncta.