FIG 11.

The injury response in Trichoderma. (A) A colony of T. atroviride (IMI206040) growing in the dark was damaged with a cookie mold and photographed 48 h later (right). An undamaged control is also shown (left). (B) Microscopic changes observed upon injury. One hour after injury, hyphae were stained with lactophenol cotton blue and examined under a light microscope. Arrows indicate newly formed hypha. (C) Illustration of the regeneration and conidiation processes of T. atroviride after injury. Upon damage, ATP is released (exogenous ATP [eATP]), triggering an increase in the level of cytosolic calcium required for regeneration (E. Medina-Castellanos, J. M. Villalobos-Escobedo, M. Riquelme, N. D. Read, C. Abreu-Goodger, and A. Herrera-Estrella, unpublished data). ROS and oxylipins (Oxy) play an important role in cell differentiation during conidiophore formation in response to injury. (Adapted from reference 426.)