Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 263 children and their parents that completed the 12-month follow-upa
| Intervention (n = 133) |
Control (n = 130) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Children | ||
| Sex (female), % (n) | 46 (61) | 47 (61) |
| Age (years) | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 18.3 ± 2.5 | 18.3 ± 2.4 |
| Weight-for-age z-scoreb | −0.04 ± 1.09 | −0.09 ± 1.04 |
| Height (cm) | 107.5 ± 4.1 | 107.8 ± 4.2 |
| Height-for-age z-scoreb | − 0.05 ± 0.95 | 0.00 ± 0.95 |
| BMI (kg/m2)c | 15.9 ± 1.4 | 15.7 ± 1.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm)d | 53.6 ± 3.8 | 53.5 ± 3.4 |
| Body fat (%) | 26.4 ± 4.5 | 25.9 ± 4.4 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 4.21 ± 0.97 | 4.07 ± 0.84 |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 11.65 ± 0.98 | 11.60 ± 0.94 |
| Fruit intake (grams/day)e | 107 ± 72 | 102 ± 84 |
| Vegetable intake (grams/day)e | 64 ± 48 | 56 ± 42 |
| Candy intake (grams/day)e | 14 ± 18 | 11 ± 15 |
| Sweetened beverage intake (ml/day)e | 70 ± 73 | 56 ± 69 |
| Sedentary time (minutes/day)f | 480 ± 47 | 479 ± 54 |
| MVPA (minutes/day)f | 101 ± 26 | 100 ± 26 |
| Parents | ||
| Mothers’ age | 36.1 ± 4.1 | 35.5 ± 4.4 |
| Mothers’ BMI | 24.5 ± 4.3 | 23.9 ± 4.2 |
| Mothers’ education (University degree), % (n) | 76 (101) | 69 (89) |
| Fathers’ age | 38.0 ± 5.1 | 38.1 ± 4.7 |
| Fathers’ BMI | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.6 |
| Fathers’ education (University degree), % (n) | 62 (82) | 55 (72) |
n Number of children, BMI Body mass index, FMI Fat mass index, FFMI Fat free mass index, MVPA Moderate- to-vigorous-physical activity
aValues are provided as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated
bCalculated using Swedish reference data [24]
cOverweight and obese in the intervention group (n = 9, 7%; n = 2, 2%) and control group (n = 9, 7%; n = 1, 0.8%) [22]
dThe number of children in the intervention and control group with waist circumference was 132 and 128, respectively
eThe number of recording days for the dietary components was 3.9 ± 0.5 (intervention) and 3.8 ± 0.5 (control)
fThe number of recording days for physical activity were 6.8 ± 0.8 (intervention) and 6.4 ± 1.2 (control)