Table 1. Comparison of the features of POP-based ion exchange materials with other types of ion exchange materials.

Ion materials	Stability a	Ion exchange rate	Ion exchange capacity	Swelling	Ion sites entanglement
POP-based ion exchange material	Yes	Fast	High	No	No
Ion-exchange resins	Yes	Fast	High	Yes	Yes
Resin composite with MOF or mesoporous silica	No	Fast	Low	No	No
Molecular sieves	Yes	Slow	Low	No	No
Ceramic materials	Yes	Slow	Low	No	No
MOF	No	Slow	High	No	No

^aIn both strong acid and strong base.