Relative expression of NGF, P2X2, and TRPA1 genes in the bladder. Statistically significant upregulation of these genes was observed in formalin-vehicle rats compared to sham-saline rats. In formalin-treatment rats, mRNA expression of these genes was significantly decreased compared to formalin-vehicle rats. Data are expressed as the relative expression ratio of each target gene to that of GAPDH. Sham; sham-saline treatment, Formalin; formalin-induced prostatic inflammation with vehicle treatment, Treatment; formalin-induced prostatic inflammation with 3α-Adiol treatment. N = 5 per group. P < 0.05 between groups.