Table 2.
Reported prevalence of dietary micronutrient insufficiency in athletes with low energy availability (EA).
| Study | Athletes Examined | Diet Method | Nutrient | Prevalence of Low Intake | Reference Value 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cialdella-Kam et al., 2014 [14] 1 | Female Endurance Athletes: -Eumenorrheic athletes (n = 9) -Athletes with exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction (n = 8) |
7-day weighed food records | Calcium: | 0% | 800 mg/day |
| Vitamin D: | >50% | 400 IU/day | |||
| Folate: | 24% | 320 mcg DFE | |||
| Vitamin B6: | - | - | |||
| Vitamin B12: | 12% | 2.0 mcg/day | |||
| Viner et al., 2015 [40] 2 | Cyclists: -Male Cyclists (n = 6) -Female Cyclists (n = 4) |
3-day food records 4 | Calcium: | 75% | 1000 mg/day |
| Vitamin D: | 100% | 600 IU/day | |||
| Folate: | 90% | 400 mcg DFE | |||
| Vitamin B6: | 20% | 1.3 mg/day | |||
| Vitamin B12: | 20% | 2.4 mcg/day |
1 Dietary intake was compared to estimated average requirement (EAR). Prevalence of vitamin B6 insufficiency was not reported; 2 Dietary intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance (RDA); 3 DFE = dietary folate equivalents, IU = international units; 4 Participants received a handout for visual estimates of food portions and were encouraged to use a scale or household measure for quantification of foods.