Table 2.

Correction rates and outcomes of hyponatremia reported in observational cohort studies

Author (Ref.), Year, Type of Study	No. of Patients Studied	Serum Na, (mEq/L)	Criteria	Patients with Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome	ΔNa With and Without Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Sterns (17), 1987, Retrospective two hospitals	54	≤110	Admitted from home with chronica hyponatremia	7 Clinical diagnosis	>0.55b versus ≤0.55 mEq/L per hour P<0.02
Brunner et al. (43), 1990, Prospective single center	13	<115	Admitted from home with hyponatremia	3 MRI diagnosis	30 versus 18 mEq/L per 24 h P<0.05
Tanneau et al. (45), 1994, Retrospective single center	12	≤115	Admitted patients with compulsive water drinking	5 Clinical diagnosis	21.8 versus 15.5 mEq/L per 24 h P<0.02
Ellis (44), 1995, Prospective two hospitals	158	≤120	All admitted patients	9 Clinical examination by single neurologist	12.1 versus 8.2 mEq/L per 24 h P=0.01
Sterns et al. (18), 1994, ¼ Prospective; ¾ Response to questionnaire multicenter	64	≤105	All admitted patients	11 Clinical diagnosis 3 MRI diagnosis All chronic casesa	>12 versus ≤12 mEq/L per day P=0.02c>18 versus ≤18 mEq/L per 48 h P=0.02d>0.55b vs ≤0.55 mEq/L per hour P=0.01e
Vu et al. (46),  2009,  Retrospective  two hospitals	255	≤120	Admitted from home  with hyponatremia	4 MRI diagnosis	>12 vs ≤12 mEq/L  per day P=0.06
	(37 corrected by >12 mEq/L in 24 h)

Na, sodium; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

^aChronic defined as patients without psychotic polydipsia who became hyponatremic at home.

^bAverage rate of correction to 120 mEq/L.

^cP<0.01 for patients with chronic hyponatremia.

^dP=0.003 for patients with chronic hyponatremia.

^eP=0.001 for patients with chronic hyponatremia.