Table 2.
Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on functional fitness in older adults.
| Pre | Post | Change (%) | Effect Size | Group Effect | Time Effect | Group × Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC a (reps) | Tai Chi group | 32.2 ± 3.7 * | 32.5 ± 3.6 | 1.1 | 0.08 | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. |
| Control group | 26.8 ± 4.3 * | 27.3 ± 3.9 | 1.9 | 0.12 | ||||
| CS a (reps) | Tai Chi group | 32.4 ± 4.6 * | 32.5 ± 4.7 | 3.5 | 0.02 | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. |
| Control group | 26.7 ± 5.5 * | 27.2 ± 5.5 | 1.9 | 0.09 | ||||
| UPGO b (s) | Tai Chi group | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 3.4 | 0.17 | N.S. | F = 14.554 (p < 0.05) | N.S. |
| Control group | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 2.7 | 0.15 | ||||
| SR b (cm) | Tai Chi group | 14.7 ± 7.7 | 14.9 ± 7.8 | 0.9 | 0.03 | N.S. | F = 5.026 (p = 0.030) | N.S. |
| Control group | 8.1 ± 15.4 | 8.3 ± 15.1 | 2.8 | 0.01 | ||||
| BS b (cm) | Tai Chi group | −5.4 ± 12.2 | −5.1 ± 12.1 12.1 ± 12.1 | 4.8 | 0.03 | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. |
| Control group | −7.7 ± 13.0 | −7.3 ± 12.8 | 0 | 0.03 | ||||
| FR b (cm) | Tai Chi group | 36.2 ± 4.2 | 36.4 ± 4.1 | 0.5 | 0.05 | N.S. | F = 9.312 (p < 0.05) | N.S. |
| Control group | 35.6 ± 4.4 | 36.4 ± 5.9 | 2.2 | 0.14 | ||||
| WT b (m) | Tai Chi group | 1123 ± 107 | 1184 ±103 | 5.4 | 0.57 | N.S. | F = 28.077 (p < 0.05) | N.S. |
| Control | 1160 ± 142 | 1224 ± 142 | 5.5 | 0.45 |
a p value from repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); b repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA); * Significantly different from the baseline value in the same group; p < 0.05; N.S.: not significant; AC: arm curl test; CS: chair stand test; UPGO: up and go test; SR: sit and reach test; BS: back scratch test; FR: functional reach test; WT: 12-min walk test.