Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and mortality on the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) Project
| ELSA (women) |
JAGES (women) |
p valuea | ELSA (men) |
JAGES (men) |
p valuea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | mortality, % | n | (%) | mortality, % | n | (%) | mortality, % | n | (%) | mortality, % | |||
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| 65–69 years | 912 | (29.6) | 11.4 | 2,273 | (33.0) | 7.9 | <0.001 | 805 | (32.6) | 19.1 | 2,341 | (37.2) | 16.4 | <0.001 |
| 70–74 years | 797 | (25.9) | 22.8 | 1,951 | (28.3) | 13.9 | 680 | (27.6) | 33.2 | 1,936 | (30.8) | 27.4 | ||
| 75–79 years | 596 | (19.3) | 36.1 | 1,492 | (21.7) | 22.1 | 498 | (20.2) | 45.2 | 1,242 | (19.7) | 44.4 | ||
| 80–84 years | 498 | (16.2) | 52.2 | 769 | (11.2) | 35.9 | 308 | (12.5) | 65.3 | 548 | (8.7) | 58.4 | ||
| 85–years | 280 | (9.1) | 72.5 | 397 | (5.8) | 69.0 | 177 | (7.2) | 83.1 | 227 | (3.6) | 79.3 | ||
| ADL limitation | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,333 | (77.4) | 26.0 | 6,194 | (96.6) | 18.2 | <0.001 | 2,029 | (83.7) | 34.2 | 5,891 | (97.3) | 30.3 | <0.001 |
| Partially disabled | 682 | (22.6) | 47.1 | 216 | (3.4) | 45.8 | 394 | (16.3) | 60.4 | 162 | (2.7) | 59.3 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||||||
| Cancer | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,835 | (92.1) | 30.3 | 6,248 | (97.4) | 19.0 | <0.001 | 2,275 | (92.3) | 37.3 | 5,732 | (95.9) | 30.3 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 243 | (7.9) | 42.4 | 166 | (2.6) | 33.1 | 191 | (7.7) | 54.5 | 247 | (4.1) | 51.0 | ||
| Heart disease | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,283 | (74.1) | 27.9 | 5,646 | (87.7) | 17.7 | <0.001 | 1,692 | (68.6) | 34.8 | 4,997 | (83.4) | 29.5 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 796 | (25.9) | 40.7 | 789 | (12.3) | 31.1 | 774 | (31.4) | 47.0 | 998 | (16.6) | 39.5 | ||
| Stroke | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,880 | (93.5) | 29.8 | 6,333 | (98.8) | 19.2 | <0.001 | 2,265 | (91.8) | 37.0 | 5,827 | (97.5) | 30.7 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 199 | (6.5) | 52.3 | 79 | (1.2) | 32.9 | 201 | (8.2) | 57.2 | 152 | (2.5) | 50.0 | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1,618 | (52.5) | 29.5 | 4,078 | (62.6) | 19.1 | <0.001 | 1,431 | (58.0) | 38.3 | 4,062 | (67.4) | 31.3 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1,461 | (47.5) | 33.1 | 2,436 | (37.4) | 19.7 | 1,035 | (42.0) | 39.1 | 1,968 | (32.6) | 30.8 | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,835 | (92.0) | 30.5 | 5,786 | (90.0) | 18.8 | 0.003 | 2,187 | (88.6) | 37.6 | 5,167 | (86.2) | 29.9 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 248 | (8.0) | 40.3 | 644 | (10.0) | 23.9 | 281 | (11.4) | 46.6 | 826 | (13.8) | 39.0 | ||
| Psychiatric disorders | ||||||||||||||
| No | 2,906 | (94.3) | 31.3 | 6,309 | (98.4) | 19.3 | <0.001 | 2,372 | (96.1) | 38.5 | 5,915 | (98.9) | 31.0 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 177 | (5.7) | 30.5 | 105 | (1.6) | 21.0 | 95 | (3.9) | 41.1 | 63 | (1.1) | 41.3 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||||
| 15 years or under | 2,022 | (67.1) | 33.9 | 4,365 | (64.6) | 20.5 | <0.001 | 1,698 | (70.4) | 42.0 | 3,594 | (57.7) | 33.9 | <0.001 |
| 16–18 years | 786 | (26.1) | 26.7 | 2,045 | (30.2) | 17.0 | 501 | (20.8) | 31.9 | 1,752 | (28.1) | 28.1 | ||
| 19 years or more | 204 | (6.8) | 23.5 | 351 | (5.2) | 15.4 | 213 | (8.8) | 28.2 | 882 | (14.2) | 26.3 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 1,424 | (46.2) | 22.5 | 3,730 | (55.9) | 14.4 | <0.001 | 1,803 | (73.1) | 34.6 | 5,520 | (89.4) | 29.2 | <0.001 |
| Divorced and widowed | 1,490 | (48.3) | 38.8 | 2,753 | (41.2) | 25.8 | 551 | (22.3) | 50.6 | 616 | (10.0) | 46.8 | ||
| Non-married | 169 | (5.5) | 39.1 | 192 | (2.9) | 19.3 | 114 | (4.6) | 43.9 | 39 | (0.6) | 35.9 | ||
| Social network | ||||||||||||||
| Meet up with friend once or more a week | 1,518 | (64.8) | 28.1 | 4,486 | (69.1) | 17.0 | <0.001 | 1,072 | (58.2) | 35.0 | 3,144 | (52.6) | 27.1 | <0.001 |
| Once or twice a month | 479 | (20.4) | 22.5 | 830 | (12.8) | 20.2 | 439 | (23.8) | 30.5 | 1,014 | (17.0) | 30.3 | ||
| Less than once a month | 346 | (14.8) | 28.3 | 1,177 | (18.1) | 24.0 | 330 | (17.9) | 37.3 | 1,815 | (30.4) | 37.5 | ||
| Exercise | ||||||||||||||
| No sports club participation | 2,166 | (85.8) | 30.5 | 4,725 | (80.6) | 21.0 | <0.001 | 1,779 | (84.7) | 39.0 | 4,352 | (78.1) | 32.8 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 359 | (14.2) | 14.5 | 1,140 | (19.4) | 9.2 | 321 | (15.3) | 23.4 | 1,220 | (21.9) | 20.4 | ||
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||||||||
| Non | 545 | (17.9) | 45.5 | 5,881 | (88.0) | 19.8 | 225 | (9.3) | 44.9 | 2,678 | (43.3) | 36.3 | ||
| Not every day | 2,060 | (67.6) | 27.9 | 588 | (8.8) | 13.8 | 1,641 | (67.7) | 39.0 | 1,131 | (18.3) | 27.1 | ||
| Every day | 443 | (14.5) | 32.1 | 214 | (3.2) | 14.5 | 559 | (23.1) | 37.9 | 2,379 | (38.4) | 27.2 | ||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||
| Current smoker | 395 | (13.1) | 36.5 | 160 | (2.5) | 30.6 | <0.001 | 290 | (12.0) | 46.9 | 1,449 | (24.0) | 35.7 | <0.001 |
| Past smoker | 1,270 | (42.1) | 33.1 | 234 | (3.6) | 24.8 | 1,575 | (65.0) | 39.0 | 2,964 | (49.0) | 30.3 | ||
| Never smoker | 1,350 | (44.8) | 27.0 | 6,093 | (93.9) | 18.4 | 558 | (23.0) | 32.6 | 1,636 | (27.0) | 28.0 | ||
| BMI | ||||||||||||||
| <18.5 | 48 | (1.7) | 54.2 | 566 | (8.8) | 33.9 | <0.001 | 17 | (0.8) | 70.6 | 456 | (7.5) | 57.7 | <0.001 |
| 18.5–22.4 | 332 | (11.9) | 36.7 | 2,505 | (38.8) | 19.1 | 178 | (7.9) | 50.0 | 2,387 | (39.5) | 33.6 | ||
| 22.5–24.9 | 503 | (18.1) | 33.6 | 1,855 | (28.7) | 14.9 | 402 | (17.8) | 39.6 | 1,960 | (32.4) | 24.5 | ||
| ≥25 | 1,898 | (68.2) | 25.9 | 1,532 | (23.7) | 15.3 | 1,657 | (73.5) | 34.8 | 1,244 | (20.6) | 24.5 | ||
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index.
a
χ2 p value for the distribution of the participants between ELSA and JAGES.