Table 2.
Change in time trial performance of studies included for meta-analysis including timings and methods of cooling.
| Author | Timing | Intervention | ∆ Performance (s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ross et al., 2011 | Precooling | Ice | −66.0 ± 29.4 |
| Ross et al., 2012 | Precooling | Ice + T | −18.6 ± 28.8 |
| - | - | Ice + G + T | 0.0 ± 1.2 |
| Muñoz et al., 2012 | Percooling | OR | −60.0 ± 81.0 |
| - | - | EXC | −48.0 ± 85.2 |
| - | - | EXC + OR | −63.0 ± 52.2 |
| Stanley et al., 2010 | Percooling | Ice | −33.6 ± 60 |
| Stevens et al., 2013 | Percooling | Ice | −72.0 ± 18.0 |
| Stevens et al., 2015 | Precooling | Ice | 18.0 ± 12.0 |
| - | Percooling | M | −42.0 ± 6.0 |
| Stevens et al., 2017 | Percooling | M | −36.0 ± 6.0 |
| Riera et al., 2014 | Combined | N + M | −49.8 ± 33.6 |
| - | - | COOL | 36 ± 139.8 |
| - | - | COOL + M | −162.6 ± 39.0 |
| - | - | Ice | −121.2 ± 12.6 |
| - | - | Ice + M | −232.8 ± 51.0 |
| Tran Trong et al., 2015 | Combined | COOL + M | −136.2 ± 252.0 |
| - | - | Ice + M | −283.2 ± 232.8 |
| Schulze et al., 2015 | Combined | Ice | −23.4 ± 0.0 |
| - | - | Ice + T | 4.8 ± 6.0 |
Intervention Methodologies: COOL: cool liquid ingestion; EXC: external cooling via pouring cold water; G: glycerine; Ice: ice slurry ingestion; N: ambient temperature water; M: menthol; OR: oral rehydration; SC: scalp cooling; T: iced towels applied to participants.