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. 2018 Apr 1;47(9):1135–1145. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13908

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© 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Video stills and spectrograms of auditory stimuli A1 (corresponding to /aba/), A5 (ambiguous sound halfway between /aba/ and /ada/) and A9 (/ada/). The auditory continuum was created by manipulating the formant transition of F2. The first acoustic change that signals the difference between /b/ and /d/ occurred around 140 ms after sound onset in the transition of second formant (F2) of the initial vowel. The release of the consonant was at about 400 ms after sound onset. In the video, the difference between /aba/ and /ada/ became apparent at around 120 ms. [Colour figure can be viewed at http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/].