Figure 3.

Biofilm biomass of wild‐type, toxin‐antitoxin (TA) system deletion mutants, and complemented strains under acidic conditions. Biofilms were initially grown for 72 h at pH 7.0 (Control), and subsequently incubated for an additional 24 h in fresh medium at pH 5.0 to pH 8.0. Biomass was quantified after staining with crystal violet. Asterisks indicate the conditions where biofilm biomass of the mutant strain was significantly reduced (P ≤ .05) relative to the wild‐type and restored to near wild‐type levels after complementation