Table 4.

Normative of tumbling E and HOTV

Study	Optotype	Mean logMAR best-VA (95% CI) decimal
		3.0 yo	3.5 yo	4.0 yo	4.5 yo
Present study	Single-crowded tumbling |E|	0.15 (0.14 to 0.17) (0.70 (0.68 to 0.73))	0.14 (0.13 to 0.15) (0.73 (0.71 to 0.74))	0.13 (0.12 to 0.13) (0.74 (0.73 to 0.76))	0.11 (0.10 to 0.12) (0.78 (0.75 to 0.80))
Leone et al 16	HOTV-ATS	0.09 (0.07 to 0.10) (0.81 (0.79 to 0.85))	0.07 (0.05 to 0.09) (0.85 (0.81 to 0.89))	0.05 (0.03 to 0.06) (0.89 (0.87 to 0.93))	0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) (0.93 (0.91 to 0.95))

VA, visual acuity.