Figure 2.

Applying the recovery clearance equation, the dialytic clearance of atenolol and metoprolol are significantly elevated as compared with bisoprolol, while carvedilol displayed negligible dialyzability. Dialytic clearance values for the four β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol) during hemodialysis in patients with ESKD. Plasma concentrations of β-blockers were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and dialyzability was calculated using the recovery clearance method. Results are presented as mean±SD, with n=8 for each treatment group. *P<0.01 for carvedilol relative to all other β-blockers; ^#P<0.05 relative to bisoprolol; ^##P<0.01 relative to bisoprolol.