Table 1.

Physicochemical properties and dialyzability statements for study β-blockers

β-Blocker	Physicochemical Properties	Industry Statements		Review Articles				Expected Dialyzability
		Product Monographs	Dialysis of Drugs 2013a	Levin et al. (21)	Chazot and Jean (19)	Chen et al. (20)	Redon et al. (22)
Atenolol	Molecular mass: 266 D	Moderately dialyzable (20%–50%)	Conventional HD: yes; modern HD: likely	D	D	D	D	High dialyzability
	Water solubility: 13,500 mg/L
	Protein binding: 10%
	VD: 4.2 L/kg
Metoprolol	Molecular mass: 267 D	No statement	Conventional HD: yes; modern HD: likely	D	D	D	ND	High dialyzability
	Water solubility: 16,900 mg/L
	Protein binding: 10%
	VD: 3.2 L/kg
Bisoprolol	Molecular mass: 325 D	Not dialyzable	Conventional HD: yes; modern HD: no data	ND	ND	ND	ND	Low dialyzability
	Water solubility: 2,240 mg/L
	Protein binding: 30%
	VD: 3.0 L/kg
Carvedilol	Molecular mass: 406 D	Not dialyzable	Conventional HD: no; modern HD: unlikely	ND	ND	ND	ND	Low dialyzability
	Water solubility: 0.583 mg/L
	Protein binding: >98%
	VD: 1.6 L/kg

Yes indicates that dialysis was found to enhance drug clearance from previously published studies. No indicates that dialysis was not found to enhance drug clearance from previously published studies. No data indicate that no data or assumptions from physicochemical properties exist to describe drug dialyzability. Likely drug is likely to be cleared by HD on the basis of physicochemical parameters, but no data exist. Unlikely drug is unlikely to be cleared by HD on the basis of physicochemical parameters, but no data exist. V_D, volume of distribution; HD, hemodialysis; D, drug is listed as dialyzable in corresponding review article; ND, drug is listed as not dialyzable in corresponding review article.

^aAnnual guidelines published by Renal Pharmacy Consultants, LLC (Saline, MI). Dialyzability is on the basis of scientific and industry data.